Perhaps this may relate?
J Appl Physiol 100: 1150–1157, 2006
Effects of low-intensity resistance exercise with slow movement and tonic
force generation on muscular function in young men
Michiya Tanimoto and Naokata Ishii
Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Tanimoto, Michiya, and Naokata Ishii. Effects of low-intensity resistance
exercise with slow movement and tonic force generation on muscular
function in young men. J Appl Physiol 100: 1150–1157, 2006. First published
December 8, 2005; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00741.2005.—We
investigated the acute and long-term effects of low-intensity resistance
exercise (knee extension) with slow movement and tonic force
generation on muscular size and strength. This type of exercise was
expected to enhance the intramuscular hypoxic environment that
might be a factor for muscular hypertrophy. Twenty-four healthy
young men without experience of regular exercise training were
assigned into three groups (n 8 for each) and performed the
following resistance exercise regimens: low-intensity [50% of onerepetition
maximum (1RM)] with slow movement and tonic force
generation (3 s for eccentric and concentric actions, 1-s pause, and no
relaxing phase; LST); high-intensity (80% 1RM) with normal speed
(1 s for concentric and eccentric actions, 1 s for relaxing; HN);
low-intensity with normal speed (same intensity as for LST and same
speed as for HN; LN). In LST and HN, the mean repetition maximum
was 8RM. In LN, both intensity and amount of work were matched
with those for LST. Each exercise session consisting of three sets was
performed three times a week for 12 wk. In LST and HN, exercise
training caused significant (P 0.05) increases in cross-sectional area
determined with MRI and isometric strength (maximal voluntary
contraction) of the knee extensors, whereas no significant changes
were seen in LN. Electromyographic and near-infrared spectroscopic
analyses showed that one bout of LST causes sustained muscular
activity and the largest muscle deoxygenation among the three types
of exercise. The results suggest that intramuscular oxygen environment
is important for exercise-induced muscular hypertrophy.